{ "schemaVersion": 1, "asOf": "2026-10-15", "status": "Published Indonesia nickel industry study / source review 15 October 2026", "datasets": { "prices": { "source": "World Bank Pink Sheet", "source_url": "https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/74e8be41ceb20fa0da750cda2f6b9e4e-0050012026/related/CMO-Historical-Data-Monthly.xlsx", "source_updated": "2026-10-02", "retrieved": "2026-10-14", "series": "Nickel (LME), cathodes, standard high grade, physical settlement", "unit": "nominal USD per metric tonne", "note": "2026 is January-September only; source monthly observations rounded; means derived from available months; not Indonesian ore or MHP prices", "monthly": [ { "period": "2016-01", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 8507 }, { "period": "2016-02", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 8299 }, { "period": "2016-03", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 8717 }, { "period": "2016-04", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 8879 }, { "period": "2016-05", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 8660 }, { "period": "2016-06", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 8928 }, { "period": "2016-07", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 10263 }, { "period": "2016-08", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 10336 }, { "period": "2016-09", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 10192 }, { "period": "2016-10", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 10260 }, { "period": "2016-11", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 11129 }, { "period": "2016-12", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 10972 }, { "period": "2017-01", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 9971 }, { "period": "2017-02", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 10643 }, { "period": "2017-03", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 10205 }, { "period": "2017-04", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 9609 }, { "period": "2017-05", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 9155 }, { "period": "2017-06", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 8932 }, { "period": "2017-07", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 9491 }, { "period": "2017-08", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 10890 }, { "period": "2017-09", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 11216 }, { "period": "2017-10", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 11336 }, { "period": "2017-11", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 11972 }, { "period": "2017-12", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 11495 }, { "period": "2018-01", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 12865 }, { "period": "2018-02", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 13596 }, { "period": "2018-03", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 13393 }, { "period": "2018-04", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 13938 }, { "period": "2018-05", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 14366 }, { "period": "2018-06", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 15106 }, { "period": "2018-07", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 13794 }, { "period": "2018-08", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 13411 }, { "period": "2018-09", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 12510 }, { "period": "2018-10", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 12315 }, { "period": "2018-11", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 11240 }, { "period": "2018-12", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 10835 }, { "period": "2019-01", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 11523 }, { "period": "2019-02", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 12685 }, { "period": "2019-03", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 13026 }, { "period": "2019-04", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 12773 }, { "period": "2019-05", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 12016 }, { "period": "2019-06", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 11944 }, { "period": "2019-07", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 13546 }, { "period": "2019-08", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 15749 }, { "period": "2019-09", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 17657 }, { "period": "2019-10", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 17046 }, { "period": "2019-11", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 15172 }, { "period": "2019-12", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 13829 }, { "period": "2020-01", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 13507 }, { "period": "2020-02", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 12716 }, { "period": "2020-03", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 11846 }, { "period": "2020-04", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 11804 }, { "period": "2020-05", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 12180 }, { "period": "2020-06", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 12727 }, { "period": "2020-07", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 13402 }, { "period": "2020-08", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 14538 }, { "period": "2020-09", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 14857 }, { "period": "2020-10", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 15239 }, { "period": "2020-11", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 15808 }, { "period": "2020-12", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 16823 }, { "period": "2021-01", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 17863 }, { "period": "2021-02", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 18584 }, { "period": "2021-03", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 16407 }, { "period": "2021-04", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 16521 }, { "period": "2021-05", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 17577 }, { "period": "2021-06", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 17980 }, { "period": "2021-07", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 18819 }, { "period": "2021-08", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 19141 }, { "period": "2021-09", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 19377 }, { "period": "2021-10", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 19362 }, { "period": "2021-11", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 19933 }, { "period": "2021-12", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 20016 }, { "period": "2022-01", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 22355 }, { "period": "2022-02", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 24016 }, { "period": "2022-03", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 33924 }, { "period": "2022-04", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 33133 }, { "period": "2022-05", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 28063 }, { "period": "2022-06", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 25659 }, { "period": "2022-07", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 21482 }, { "period": "2022-08", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 22057 }, { "period": "2022-09", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 22774 }, { "period": "2022-10", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 22033 }, { "period": "2022-11", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 25563 }, { "period": "2022-12", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 28947 }, { "period": "2023-01", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 28195 }, { "period": "2023-02", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 26728 }, { "period": "2023-03", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 23289 }, { "period": "2023-04", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 23895 }, { "period": "2023-05", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 21970 }, { "period": "2023-06", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 21233 }, { "period": "2023-07", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 21091 }, { "period": "2023-08", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 20439 }, { "period": "2023-09", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 19645 }, { "period": "2023-10", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 18281 }, { "period": "2023-11", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 17027 }, { "period": "2023-12", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 16461 }, { "period": "2024-01", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 16104 }, { "period": "2024-02", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 16338 }, { "period": "2024-03", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 17439 }, { "period": "2024-04", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 18164 }, { "period": "2024-05", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 19587 }, { "period": "2024-06", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 17498 }, { "period": "2024-07", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 16335 }, { "period": "2024-08", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 16292 }, { "period": "2024-09", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 16077 }, { "period": "2024-10", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 16766 }, { "period": "2024-11", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 15723 }, { "period": "2024-12", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 15445 }, { "period": "2025-01", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 15394 }, { "period": "2025-02", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 15288 }, { "period": "2025-03", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 16066 }, { "period": "2025-04", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 15113 }, { "period": "2025-05", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 15346 }, { "period": "2025-06", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 15003 }, { "period": "2025-07", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 15034 }, { "period": "2025-08", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 14949 }, { "period": "2025-09", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 15106 }, { "period": "2025-10", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 15092 }, { "period": "2025-11", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 14671 }, { "period": "2025-12", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 14884 }, { "period": "2026-01", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 17769 }, { "period": "2026-02", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 17173 }, { "period": "2026-03", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 17076 }, { "period": "2026-04", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 17962 }, { "period": "2026-05", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 18806 }, { "period": "2026-06", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 17588 }, { "period": "2026-07", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 16651 }, { "period": "2026-08", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 16751 }, { "period": "2026-09", "usd_per_metric_tonne": 16324 } ], "annual_means": [ { "year": 2016, "months": 12, "mean": 9595.166666666666 }, { "year": 2017, "months": 12, "mean": 10409.583333333334 }, { "year": 2018, "months": 12, "mean": 13114.083333333334 }, { "year": 2019, "months": 12, "mean": 13913.833333333334 }, { "year": 2020, "months": 12, "mean": 13787.25 }, { "year": 2021, "months": 12, "mean": 18465 }, { "year": 2022, "months": 12, "mean": 25833.833333333332 }, { "year": 2023, "months": 12, "mean": 21521.166666666668 }, { "year": 2024, "months": 12, "mean": 16814 }, { "year": 2025, "months": 12, "mean": 15162.166666666666 }, { "year": 2026, "months": 9, "mean": 17344.444444444445 } ] }, "production": { "retrieved": "2026-10-14", "metric": "Mine production, metric tonnes of contained nickel", "method": "2016-2024 use the earlier-year column in MCS editions two years later. 2025 uses the estimate in MCS 2026. This is a mixed-vintage series; later Minerals Yearbook revisions have not been reconciled. World totals are rounded. Mine production differs from INSG primary nickel production.", "observations": [ { "Indonesia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 199000, "estimated": false }, "Australia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 204000, "estimated": false }, "Canada": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 236000, "estimated": false }, "Philippines": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 347000, "estimated": false }, "Russia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 222000, "estimated": false }, "World total (rounded)": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 2090000, "estimated": false }, "year": 2016, "source_edition": 2018, "source_url": "https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/nickel/mcs-2018-nicke.pdf", "source_page": 2, "indonesia_share_of_rounded_world_total": 0.09521531100478468 }, { "Indonesia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 345000, "estimated": false }, "Australia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 179000, "estimated": false }, "Canada": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 214000, "estimated": false }, "Philippines": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 366000, "estimated": false }, "Russia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 214000, "estimated": false }, "World total (rounded)": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 2160000, "estimated": false }, "year": 2017, "source_edition": 2019, "source_url": "https://d9-wret.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/atoms/files/mcs-2019-nicke.pdf", "source_page": 2, "indonesia_share_of_rounded_world_total": 0.1597222222222222 }, { "Indonesia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 606000, "estimated": false }, "Australia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 170000, "estimated": false }, "Canada": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 176000, "estimated": false }, "Philippines": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 345000, "estimated": false }, "Russia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 272000, "estimated": false }, "World total (rounded)": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 2400000, "estimated": false }, "year": 2018, "source_edition": 2020, "source_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/mcs2020-nickel.pdf", "source_page": 2, "indonesia_share_of_rounded_world_total": 0.2525 }, { "Indonesia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 853000, "estimated": false }, "Australia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 159000, "estimated": false }, "Canada": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 181000, "estimated": false }, "Philippines": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 323000, "estimated": false }, "Russia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 279000, "estimated": false }, "World total (rounded)": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 2610000, "estimated": false }, "year": 2019, "source_edition": 2021, "source_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-nickel.pdf", "source_page": 2, "indonesia_share_of_rounded_world_total": 0.3268199233716475 }, { "Indonesia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 771000, "estimated": false }, "Australia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 169000, "estimated": false }, "Canada": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 167000, "estimated": false }, "Philippines": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 334000, "estimated": false }, "Russia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 283000, "estimated": false }, "World total (rounded)": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 2510000, "estimated": false }, "year": 2020, "source_edition": 2022, "source_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2022/mcs2022-nickel.pdf", "source_page": 2, "indonesia_share_of_rounded_world_total": 0.3071713147410359 }, { "Indonesia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 1040000, "estimated": false }, "Australia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 151000, "estimated": false }, "Canada": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 134000, "estimated": false }, "Philippines": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 387000, "estimated": false }, "Russia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 205000, "estimated": false }, "World total (rounded)": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 2730000, "estimated": false }, "year": 2021, "source_edition": 2023, "source_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2023/mcs2023-nickel.pdf", "source_page": 2, "indonesia_share_of_rounded_world_total": 0.38095238095238093 }, { "Indonesia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 1580000, "estimated": false }, "Australia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 155000, "estimated": false }, "Canada": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 143000, "estimated": false }, "Philippines": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 345000, "estimated": true }, "Russia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 222000, "estimated": false }, "World total (rounded)": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 3270000, "estimated": false }, "year": 2022, "source_edition": 2024, "source_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2024/mcs2024-nickel.pdf", "source_page": 2, "indonesia_share_of_rounded_world_total": 0.4831804281345566 }, { "Indonesia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 2030000, "estimated": false }, "Australia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 149000, "estimated": false }, "Canada": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 159000, "estimated": false }, "Philippines": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 413000, "estimated": true }, "Russia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 210000, "estimated": false }, "World total (rounded)": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 3750000, "estimated": false }, "year": 2023, "source_edition": 2025, "source_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025-nickel.pdf", "source_page": 2, "indonesia_share_of_rounded_world_total": 0.5413333333333333 }, { "Indonesia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 2310000, "estimated": false }, "Australia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 98000, "estimated": false }, "Canada": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 125000, "estimated": false }, "Philippines": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 354000, "estimated": false }, "Russia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 205000, "estimated": false }, "World total (rounded)": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 3710000, "estimated": false }, "year": 2024, "source_edition": 2026, "source_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf", "source_page": 2, "indonesia_share_of_rounded_world_total": 0.6226415094339622 }, { "Indonesia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 2600000, "estimated": true }, "Australia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 45000, "estimated": true }, "Canada": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 140000, "estimated": true }, "Philippines": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 270000, "estimated": true }, "Russia": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 200000, "estimated": true }, "World total (rounded)": { "tonnes_nickel_content": 3900000, "estimated": true }, "year": 2025, "source_edition": 2026, "source_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf", "source_page": 2, "indonesia_share_of_rounded_world_total": 0.6666666666666666 } ] }, "trade": { "publisher": "Badan Pusat Statistik", "publication": "Indonesia Foreign Trade Statistics Exports 2025", "publication_date": "2026-08-10", "revision_date": "2026-08-13", "retrieved_date": "2026-10-14", "classification": "HS2022", "verification": "PDF pages 51,85,141,147 visually examined; selected row numbers checked against original table images.", "definitions": [ "Weight is customs net product mass, not contained nickel. Unit values are FOB/weight, not contract prices.", "HS75 excludes ferro-nickel HS720260. HS72 in its entirety must not be labelled nickel.", "HS750120 is a broad metallurgy-intermediates classification, not an independently verified MHP-only series.", "No nickel-content conversions or historic price interpolation have been applied.", "Em dashes retained as null. Check sums add reported numerical rows; null rows are not independently established as zero." ], "chapter_hs75": { "hs_code": "75", "description": "Nickel and articles thereof", "pdf_page": 85, "printed_page": 69, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 1924205785, "fob_usd": 7997364426, "derived_fob_usd_per_product_tonne": 4156.189784036015 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 2398300479, "fob_usd": 9732144542, "derived_fob_usd_per_product_tonne": 4057.9337857022547 } ], "derived_2025_vs_2024": { "product_weight_change_percent": 24.638461109293463, "fob_value_change_percent": 21.691897775223378, "unit_value_change_percent": -2.364088346282045 } }, "selected_hs6_products": [ { "hs_code": "720260", "description": "Ferro-alloys; ferro-nickel", "pdf_page": 141, "printed_page": 125, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 9668184496, "fob_usd": 14061458714, "derived_fob_usd_per_product_tonne": 1454.4052939636829 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 11555529835, "fob_usd": 16385078242, "derived_fob_usd_per_product_tonne": 1417.9426193312233 } ], "derived_2025_vs_2024": { "product_weight_change_percent": 19.5211969711671, "fob_value_change_percent": 16.52474025107038, "unit_value_change_percent": -2.5070504613667888 } }, { "hs_code": "750110", "description": "Nickel; nickel mattes", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 316922911, "fob_usd": 3177247208, "derived_fob_usd_per_product_tonne": 10025.299837031976 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 307110904, "fob_usd": 2953238354, "derived_fob_usd_per_product_tonne": 9616.195047245865 } ], "derived_2025_vs_2024": { "product_weight_change_percent": -3.09602324711703, "fob_value_change_percent": -7.050406825001454, "unit_value_change_percent": -4.080723733318569 } }, { "hs_code": "750120", "description": "Nickel; oxide sinters and other intermediate products of nickel metallurgy", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 1562958606, "fob_usd": 3946556160, "derived_fob_usd_per_product_tonne": 2525.05481901419 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 2000016603, "fob_usd": 5412959128, "derived_fob_usd_per_product_tonne": 2706.457096346415 } ], "derived_2025_vs_2024": { "product_weight_change_percent": 27.963504300254005, "fob_value_change_percent": 37.15652099069584, "unit_value_change_percent": 7.18409263696882 } }, { "hs_code": "750210", "description": "Nickel; unwrought, not alloyed", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 43640478, "fob_usd": 861626426, "derived_fob_usd_per_product_tonne": 19743.744007570218 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 90490788, "fob_usd": 1354505458, "derived_fob_usd_per_product_tonne": 14968.434775924374 } ], "derived_2025_vs_2024": { "product_weight_change_percent": 107.35517149926727, "fob_value_change_percent": 57.20333280492955, "unit_value_change_percent": -24.18644219563867 } } ], "all_reported_hs75_rows": [ { "hs_code": "750110", "description": "Nickel; nickel mattes", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 316922911, "fob_usd": 3177247208, "derived_fob_usd_per_product_tonne": 10025.299837031976 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 307110904, "fob_usd": 2953238354, "derived_fob_usd_per_product_tonne": 9616.195047245865 } ], "derived_2025_vs_2024": { "product_weight_change_percent": -3.09602324711703, "fob_value_change_percent": -7.050406825001454, "unit_value_change_percent": -4.080723733318569 } }, { "hs_code": "750120", "description": "Nickel; oxide sinters and other intermediate products of nickel metallurgy", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 1562958606, "fob_usd": 3946556160, "derived_fob_usd_per_product_tonne": 2525.05481901419 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 2000016603, "fob_usd": 5412959128, "derived_fob_usd_per_product_tonne": 2706.457096346415 } ], "derived_2025_vs_2024": { "product_weight_change_percent": 27.963504300254005, "fob_value_change_percent": 37.15652099069584, "unit_value_change_percent": 7.18409263696882 } }, { "hs_code": "750210", "description": "Nickel; unwrought, not alloyed", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 43640478, "fob_usd": 861626426, "derived_fob_usd_per_product_tonne": 19743.744007570218 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 90490788, "fob_usd": 1354505458, "derived_fob_usd_per_product_tonne": 14968.434775924374 } ], "derived_2025_vs_2024": { "product_weight_change_percent": 107.35517149926727, "fob_value_change_percent": 57.20333280492955, "unit_value_change_percent": -24.18644219563867 } }, { "hs_code": "750300", "description": "Nickel; waste and scrap", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 524302, "fob_usd": 3685047 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 531010, "fob_usd": 3730821 } ] }, { "hs_code": "750511", "description": "Nickel; bars, rods and profiles, not alloyed", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 5, "fob_usd": 40 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": null, "fob_usd": null } ] }, { "hs_code": "750512", "description": "Nickel; bars, rods and profiles, of nickel alloys", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 95, "fob_usd": 20694 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": null, "fob_usd": null } ] }, { "hs_code": "750521", "description": "Nickel; wire, not alloyed", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 1326, "fob_usd": 31162 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 827, "fob_usd": 35053 } ] }, { "hs_code": "750522", "description": "Nickel; wire, of nickel alloys", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 44826, "fob_usd": 191653 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 78, "fob_usd": 9368 } ] }, { "hs_code": "750610", "description": "Nickel; plates, sheets, strip and foil, not alloyed", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 534, "fob_usd": 10119 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 74, "fob_usd": 38201 } ] }, { "hs_code": "750620", "description": "Nickel; plates, sheets, strip and foil, of nickel alloys", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 973, "fob_usd": 139148 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 295, "fob_usd": 20957 } ] }, { "hs_code": "750711", "description": "Nickel; tubes and pipes, not alloyed", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": null, "fob_usd": null }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 74, "fob_usd": 286 } ] }, { "hs_code": "750712", "description": "Nickel; tubes and pipes, of nickel alloys", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 2387, "fob_usd": 180898 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 7002, "fob_usd": 322440 } ] }, { "hs_code": "750720", "description": "Nickel; tube and pipe fittings", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 1397, "fob_usd": 275541 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 13146, "fob_usd": 492457 } ] }, { "hs_code": "750810", "description": "Nickel; cloth, grill and netting, of nickel wire", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 9, "fob_usd": 8960 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 6691, "fob_usd": 132488 } ] }, { "hs_code": "750890", "description": "Nickel; articles thereof n.e.c. in item no. 7508.1", "pdf_page": 147, "printed_page": 131, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "observations": [ { "year": 2024, "net_product_weight_kg": 107937, "fob_usd": 7391371 }, { "year": 2025, "net_product_weight_kg": 122990, "fob_usd": 6659531 } ] } ], "internal_table_reconciliation": [ { "year": 2024, "scope": "All 15 HS6 rows listed under HS75", "net_weight_sum_reported_rows_kg": 1924205786, "fob_sum_reported_rows_usd": 7997364427, "weight_difference_to_chapter_total_kg": 1, "fob_difference_to_chapter_total_usd": 1 }, { "year": 2025, "scope": "All 15 HS6 rows listed under HS75", "net_weight_sum_reported_rows_kg": 2398300482, "fob_sum_reported_rows_usd": 9732144542, "weight_difference_to_chapter_total_kg": 3, "fob_difference_to_chapter_total_usd": 0 } ], "china_destination": { "hs_code": "75", "source_pdf_page": 51, "source_printed_page": 35, "source_url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "reported_fob_usd_million": { "2024": 6260.4, "2025": 7860.1 }, "derived_2025_share_of_hs75_fob_percent_approximate": 80.76431629307382, "scope_note": "Rounded destination numerator. Share concerns HS75 only, not all nickel-related exports." } } }, "destinations": [ { "hs_code": "720260", "year": 2024, "nomenclature": "H0", "url": "https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/IDN/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/720260", "world": { "partner": "World", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 14061458.71, "product_weight_kg": 9668180000 }, "partners": [ { "partner": "China", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 13262323.63, "product_weight_kg": 9161060000 }, { "partner": "India", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 302092.86, "product_weight_kg": 179991000 }, { "partner": "Korea, Rep.", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 195514.87, "product_weight_kg": 134174000 }, { "partner": "Netherlands", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 149118.56, "product_weight_kg": 100041000 }, { "partner": "Other Asia, nes", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 81528.58, "product_weight_kg": 48007400 }, { "partner": "Italy", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 34996.01, "product_weight_kg": 21131100 }, { "partner": "United Kingdom", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 34061.09, "product_weight_kg": 22880700 }, { "partner": "South Africa", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 1258.12, "product_weight_kg": 648000 }, { "partner": "Malaysia", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 512.65, "product_weight_kg": 220656 }, { "partner": "Germany", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 52.35, "product_weight_kg": 27000 }, { "partner": "Japan", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 0.0, "product_weight_kg": 3 } ] }, { "hs_code": "750110", "year": 2024, "nomenclature": "H0", "url": "https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/IDN/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/750110", "world": { "partner": "World", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 3177247.21, "product_weight_kg": 316923000 }, "partners": [ { "partner": "China", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 1952559.83, "product_weight_kg": 197976000 }, { "partner": "Japan", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 1025485.71, "product_weight_kg": 98580200 }, { "partner": "Netherlands", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 135310.91, "product_weight_kg": 13451400 }, { "partner": "Norway", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 63888.25, "product_weight_kg": 6915520 }, { "partner": "Korea, Rep.", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 2.51, "product_weight_kg": 250 } ] }, { "hs_code": "750120", "year": 2024, "nomenclature": "H0", "url": "https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/IDN/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/750120", "world": { "partner": "World", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 3946556.16, "product_weight_kg": 1562960000 }, "partners": [ { "partner": "China", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 3927172.58, "product_weight_kg": 1556220000 }, { "partner": "Korea, Rep.", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 19383.54, "product_weight_kg": 6743510 }, { "partner": "Japan", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 0.03, "product_weight_kg": 32 }, { "partner": "India", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 0.01, "product_weight_kg": 1 }, { "partner": "Other Asia, nes", "trade_value_thousand_usd": 0.0, "product_weight_kg": 4 } ] } ], "reserves": { "period": "December 2024", "source": "geology", "national_ore_reserves_tonnes": 5913865814, "national_metal_reserves_tonnes": 62029856, "provinces": [ { "name": "Kalimantan Selatan", "ore_reserves_tonnes": 121655000, "metal_reserves_tonnes": 760179, "lon": 115.4, "lat": -3.1, "coordinate_status": "Approximate province label anchor, not a deposit or mine coordinate" }, { "name": "Kalimantan Tengah", "ore_reserves_tonnes": 9780719, "metal_reserves_tonnes": 117075, "lon": 113.5, "lat": -1.6, "coordinate_status": "Approximate province label anchor, not a deposit or mine coordinate" }, { "name": "Maluku", "ore_reserves_tonnes": 147819770, "metal_reserves_tonnes": 2680322, "lon": 129.1, "lat": -3.5, "coordinate_status": "Approximate province label anchor, not a deposit or mine coordinate" }, { "name": "Maluku Utara", "ore_reserves_tonnes": 1849132715, "metal_reserves_tonnes": 18957505, "lon": 128.0, "lat": 0.7, "coordinate_status": "Approximate province label anchor, not a deposit or mine coordinate" }, { "name": "Papua Barat Daya", "ore_reserves_tonnes": 72250000, "metal_reserves_tonnes": 849315, "lon": 131.3, "lat": -0.8, "coordinate_status": "Approximate province label anchor, not a deposit or mine coordinate" }, { "name": "Sulawesi Selatan", "ore_reserves_tonnes": 735353162, "metal_reserves_tonnes": 6835067, "lon": 120.3, "lat": -3.0, "coordinate_status": "Approximate province label anchor, not a deposit or mine coordinate" }, { "name": "Sulawesi Tengah", "ore_reserves_tonnes": 980943293, "metal_reserves_tonnes": 10868692, "lon": 121.0, "lat": -1.0, "coordinate_status": "Approximate province label anchor, not a deposit or mine coordinate" }, { "name": "Sulawesi Tenggara", "ore_reserves_tonnes": 1996931156, "metal_reserves_tonnes": 20961701, "lon": 122.2, "lat": -4.1, "coordinate_status": "Approximate province label anchor, not a deposit or mine coordinate" } ], "not_reported": [ "Aceh", "Kalimantan Timur", "Papua", "Papua Tengah" ], "note": "Only provinces with reported non-dash reserves are plotted. Ore rows sum to national +1 tonne and metal rows to national exactly; rounding is retained. Reserves are not annual production. Resources are a separate geological category; no reserve-life forecast is calculated." }, "sites": [ { "name": "Morowali / Bahodopi", "lon": 122.2, "lat": -2.8, "source": "imip", "kind": "Industrial processing", "detail": "IMIP nickel and stainless-steel industrial cluster in Central Sulawesi. The marker identifies the locality; it is not a mine boundary or a measurement of current output." }, { "name": "Weda / Lelilef", "lon": 127.9, "lat": 0.4, "source": "iwip", "kind": "Industrial processing", "detail": "Weda Bay industrial park in Central Halmahera, North Maluku. This is a processing-cluster location; no mine-to-country shipment is attributed to it." }, { "name": "Obi Island", "lon": 127.6, "lat": -1.5, "source": "obi", "kind": "Mining and processing cluster", "detail": "Badan Geologi identifies Obi’s nickel laterites and integrated HPAL/smelting. Locality marker only; neither plant capacity nor a province production total is estimated here." }, { "name": "Sorowako", "lon": 121.3, "lat": -2.5, "source": "sorowako", "kind": "Mining and matte processing", "detail": "ESDM documented the South Sulawesi mine and existing nickel-matte processing facility in August 2022. That checkpoint does not verify 2026 production or completion of proposed expansions." }, { "name": "Karawang", "lon": 107.3, "lat": -6.3, "source": "battery", "kind": "Battery-cell manufacturing", "detail": "Battery-cell factory inaugurated in July 2024. Announced first-phase nameplate capacity: 10 GWh. Actual 2026 output and the local nickel content of its inputs are not established here." }, { "name": "Pomalaa", "lon": 121.6, "lat": -4.2, "source": "processing2017", "kind": "Ferronickel processing", "detail": "ESDM listed the operating Pomalaa ferronickel facility and its January–October 2017 exports. This is a historical location checkpoint in Southeast Sulawesi, not verification of 2026 plant output or completion of newer HPAL projects." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "worldbank", "label": "World Bank, Pink Sheet monthly prices", "url": "https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/74e8be41ceb20fa0da750cda2f6b9e4e-0050012026/related/CMO-Historical-Data-Monthly.xlsx", "locator": "Nickel column, January 2016 to September 2026", "note": "Nominal USD per metric tonne; annual means calculated from monthly observations." }, { "id": "usgs", "label": "USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries: Nickel", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/nickel-statistics-and-information", "locator": "Nickel chapters, world production tables, MCS2018 to MCS2026", "note": "Mixed source vintages; 2025 estimated. Each observation retains its edition and URL in the data download." }, { "id": "bps", "label": "BPS, Indonesia Foreign Trade Statistics Exports 2025", "url": "https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/08/10/556d446e35c86054cb33739f/statistik-perdagangan-luar-negeri-indonesia-ekspor-2025.html", "locator": "Document pages 51, 85, 141 and 147 (printed 35, 69, 125 and 131); revised 13 August 2026", "note": "HS2022; FOB USD and net product kg. Unit values are not constant-grade nickel prices." }, { "id": "geology", "label": "Badan Geologi, national resources and reserves 2025", "url": "https://geologi.esdm.go.id/storage/publikasi/KuRaTy8WEQyvo5KguWTchyJfBES8r6ZXs6rHLuYh.pdf", "locator": "Printed page 55 / PDF page 89, Table 7; data updated December 2024", "note": "Ore reserves and contained-metal reserves are separate measures. Dashes mean no reported reserve; they do not prove geological absence. Table rounding retained.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "wits720260", "label": "WITS / UN Comtrade, 2024 Indonesian exports, HS 720260", "url": "https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/IDN/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/720260", "locator": "All partner rows; Trade Value is in thousands of USD", "note": "H0 nomenclature, 2024. Shares use the World row, not rounded partner sums. Partner country is the recorded destination, not proven final consumption; product kg are not tonnes of nickel.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "wits750110", "label": "WITS / UN Comtrade, 2024 Indonesian exports, HS 750110", "url": "https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/IDN/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/750110", "locator": "All partner rows; Trade Value is in thousands of USD", "note": "H0 nomenclature, 2024. Shares use the World row, not rounded partner sums. Partner country is the recorded destination, not proven final consumption; product kg are not tonnes of nickel.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "wits750120", "label": "WITS / UN Comtrade, 2024 Indonesian exports, HS 750120", "url": "https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/IDN/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/750120", "locator": "All partner rows; Trade Value is in thousands of USD", "note": "H0 nomenclature, 2024. Shares use the World row, not rounded partner sums. Partner country is the recorded destination, not proven final consumption; product kg are not tonnes of nickel.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "oreban", "label": "ESDM, nickel ore export prohibition from January 2020", "url": "https://esdm.go.id/en/media-center/news-archives/bijih-nikel-tidak-boleh-diekspor-lagi-per-januari-2020", "locator": "2019 announcement; effective 1 January 2020", "note": "Historical policy checkpoint, not a claim that all nickel-containing products are prohibited.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "booklet", "label": "ESDM, Nickel Booklet 2020", "url": "https://www.esdm.go.id/assets/booklet/tambang-2020/Booklet-Nikel-FA.pdf", "locator": "Printed page 9, production routes", "note": "Used for process taxonomy only. Its older capacity and market-share figures are not used as current observations.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "imip", "label": "IMIP, industrial park FAQ", "url": "https://imip.co.id/helpie_faq/", "locator": "Park location and industrial activities", "note": "Operator description: Bahodopi, Morowali, Central Sulawesi; nickel and stainless steel. Used for geography, not independent environmental validation.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "iwip", "label": "IWIP, park profile", "url": "https://iwip.co.id/tentang-iwip/", "locator": "Location paragraph", "note": "Lelilef, Weda, Central Halmahera, North Maluku. Operator source; no plant-level output inferred.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "sorowako", "label": "ESDM, Sorowako mine and processing visit", "url": "https://www.esdm.go.id/id/media-center/arsip-berita/tinjau-tambang-nikel-di-sorowako-menteri-esdm-minta-industri-turunan-nikel-ditingkatkan", "locator": "14 August 2022; existing processing facility and proposed projects", "note": "Historical confirmation of the mine/processing cluster. Announced project capacities are not counted as production.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "obi", "label": "Badan Geologi, Maluku metallogenic belts", "url": "https://geologi.esdm.go.id/index.php/media-center/jalur-metalogeni-indonesia-apa-kenapa-dan-bagaimana-sebarannya-bagian-empat", "locator": "Eastern Indonesia Ni–Fe Province / Obi Ultramafic Belt", "note": "Describes laterite deposits and integrated HPAL/smelting on Obi. Used for facility geography and ore characteristics.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "battery", "label": "BKPM, Karawang battery ecosystem inauguration", "url": "https://www.bkpm.go.id/id/info/siaran-pers/menteri-investasi-yakin-indonesia-jadi-pemain-global-ekosistem-baterai-mobil-listrik", "locator": "3 July 2024; first-phase 10 GWh cell factory", "note": "Inauguration and nameplate capacity, not verified 2026 production, utilisation or locally sourced nickel share.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "ev", "label": "IEA, Global EV Outlook 2026: batteries", "url": "https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/electric-vehicle-batteries", "locator": "Battery chemistry trends; manufacturing and trade", "note": "2025 deployment: LFP over 55% globally; outside China almost 80% nickel-containing. Capacity and pipelines are not output.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "security", "label": "IEA, ASEAN Energy Security Review 2026", "url": "https://www.iea.org/reports/asean-energy-security-review/critical-minerals-security-review", "locator": "Investment concentration; energy and input constraints; responsible development", "note": "75% capacity linked to Chinese investment is an IEA estimate, not the share of profits sent abroad. This report uses product-specific customs shares rather than the review’s broad 98% trade claim.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "acid", "label": "IEA, Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2026, executive summary", "url": "https://www.iea.org/reports/global-critical-minerals-outlook-2026/executive-summary", "locator": "Middle East conflict, sulphur disruption and May 2026 acid export curbs", "note": "Cross-mineral cost shock. No Indonesian plant-specific acid bill or price is inferred.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "outlook", "label": "IEA, Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2026, outlook", "url": "https://www.iea.org/reports/global-critical-minerals-outlook-2026/outlook", "locator": "Nickel supply balance / 2035 scenarios", "note": "Base case and high-production case are conditional scenarios, not guaranteed prices or outcomes.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "quota", "label": "ESDM, nickel RKAB evaluation", "url": "https://esdm.go.id/id/media-center/arsip-berita/kementerian-esdm-belum-putuskan-besaran-rkab-nikel-2026", "locator": "25 June 2026 statement", "note": "Dated policy checkpoint. The final October 2026 national quota is not verified in this draft; June status is not carried forward as today’s status.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "wto", "label": "WTO, DS592: Indonesia and raw materials", "url": "https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds592_e.htm", "locator": "2022 panel report and Indonesia’s December 2022 appeal", "note": "Historical dispute facts. No assertion that the panel report automatically ended the ban or that the appeal has been resolved.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "processing2017", "label": "ESDM, operating nickel smelters in 2017", "url": "https://esdm.go.id/id/media-center/arsip-berita/investasi-dan-keberlangsungan-operasi-fasilitas-pemurnian-pasca-peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-1-tahun-2017", "locator": "January–October 2017 operating/export table", "note": "Historical confirmation that processing predates the 2020 ore ban. Neither 2017 output nor plant count is presented as current capacity.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "royalties", "label": "Ministry of Finance, Warta Fiskal III/2023", "url": "https://fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/files/warta-fiskal/file/1701257420_wafis_ed3.rev2.pdf", "locator": "Printed and PDF page 16, nickel royalty receipts, 2018 and 2022. Incentive mechanisms on page 13.", "note": "Historical nominal nickel royalty receipts, not a 2025 observation or a net national return. The broader tax category includes non-ferrous basic metals and is not used as a nickel-only tax total.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "royaltyscheme", "label": "Ministry of Finance, APBN KiTa Q4 2025", "url": "https://media.kemenkeu.go.id/getmedia/b1259fa9-5650-478a-970f-3e7ecb0e4303/Publikasi-APBNKITA-Q4-2025.pdf?ext=.pdf", "locator": "PDF page 27, printed pages 52 and 53. Nickel royalty summary table on printed page 53.", "note": "2025 fiscal review of PP 19/2025. Ore 14% to 19%, with the stated integrated battery-EV industry exception at 2%. Matte 3.5% to 5.5%. Ferronickel 4% to 6%. This is the ministry summary of that scheme, not a plant-specific effective tax rate or an assertion that later amendments cannot exist.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" }, { "id": "sultraexports", "label": "BPS Southeast Sulawesi, 2025 export summary", "url": "https://sultra.bps.go.id/id/news/2026/08/21/361/ekspor-sulawesi-tenggara-2025-ternyata-sebesar-ini-.html", "locator": "Release of 21 August 2026, annual 2025 exports and iron-and-steel share.", "note": "USD3.72bn total provincial exports. Iron and steel account for about 95.76%. This is a provincial export measure, not nickel content, mine production, local profit or a nickel-only product series.", "retrieved": "2026-10-15" } ], "inputHashes": { "wits-2024-720260-original.html": "a7c9e205ff01abfe9bd2282e4abcec9e79a6b3b8aa5f0e52001206083c56fbfc", "wits-2024-750110-original.html": "6b39a6c8188d032348ae9cefbf6e5a4289d3ff69c4414c72f81e93a38c0c7b71", "wits-2024-750120-original.html": "54934330d5571aaf93da22cfff68ba014a9fde311ce66bbcc71c7a66c2628457", "neraca-2025.pdf": "13d6afa1df306d91ff15f4beeeb32e60b712de8855000ec85c66d393215042f7", "nickel-price-history.json": "ee306a976731eaad71fa89d2f258cf0e2f94131e1f7639284e7bbaa927d66064", "nickel-mine-production-history.json": "6201be09ee8e640a4db703c00233be4778ee62cc113d96b479a70bcf1ebf8e50", "nickel-trade-bps-2024-2025.json": "99d3c6bbffb53734ed7c4363f520d766678a2de03168c6d8af6301e05e3a8114", "fiscal2025.pdf": "325d82dbcb08bed17cfd05cb50a0d3be883f432ceca680efd03e7a15556f1e43", "royalty2022.pdf": "96a97b161f19fbb684a73c23bc7610150c50341f2e9f5025131245a8a4391d79" }, "archiveNote": "2016–2026 benchmark, mine series and BPS 2024–2025 rows retain their 14 October archive vintage and definitions; issuer financial observations are excluded from this industry edition.", "domesticEvidence": { "nickel_royalty_receipts": { "source": "royalties", "unit": "nominal IDR trillion", "observations": [ { "year": 2018, "value": 1.4 }, { "year": 2022, "value": 11.1 } ] }, "royalty_scheme_2025": { "source": "royaltyscheme", "unit": "percent", "ore_range": [ 14, 19 ], "integrated_battery_ev_ore_exception": 2, "matte_range": [ 3.5, 5.5 ], "ferronickel_range": [ 4, 6 ] }, "southeast_sulawesi_exports_2025": { "source": "sultraexports", "total_usd_billion": 3.72, "iron_and_steel_share_percent": 95.76 } } }